Demonstration of Abnormal Cervical Change in Papanicolaou Smears by Liquid Base Cytology
Howaida Mahmoud Hagag
College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Anwar Althomali
College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
Rawan Alnefei
College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
Bashair Alotaibi
College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
Ola Abdullah
College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
Ejtehad Almutairi
College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
Reem A. Ramadan
MIU Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
Osama Mahmoud Khalifa
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Khadiga Ahmed Ismail *
College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia and Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is considered one of the most important health problem affecting women health all over the world also it is preventable cancer as soon as it was discover early by cervical cytology using Papanicolaou (Pap) smears as it is an effective means of screening for cervical premalignant and malignant conditions such as Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). So this study aims to detect abnormal premalignant epithelial changes by liquid base Pap stained cervical smear in Taif city of Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: Cross sectional study is based on 100 females patients who attended the out-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in King Faisal hospital were randomly chosen as cross sectional study. Cervical smears were obtained and Pap smears were prepared from patients presenting with different complaints such as vaginal discharge, abnormal menstrual and vaginal bleeding and pain. After fixation and staining, each smear was carefully examined.
Results: showed that epithelial cell abnormalities were found in 7% of smears, age rang of the patients was between 20-50 years old and the main complaint was abnormal vaginal discharge. Also our study established the high frequency of abnormal cervical cytology in females used contraception as well as early marriage as a risk factors.
Conclusion: In Taif City, a conservative community, premalignant and malignant cervical lesions are relatively high. Pap smear cervical cytology is an easy, safe and effective test for early detection of pre-malignant and malignant lesions of the cervix, thereby allowing clinicians to treat patients early and more effectively.
Keywords: Cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Papanicolaou smear.