Prevalence of Anaemia and Pulmonary Mycoses in Immunocompromised Subjects: A Review of Nigeria Perspective
Nseobong Godwin Akpan
Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovations, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
Anthony John Umoyen *
Human Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Anaemia and mycoses are being diagnosed with increasing frequency among immuno-compromised subjects. Fungal respiratory infections are important causes of mortality and morbidity among immuno-compromised individuals. The goal of this research was to systematically review the prevalence of anaemia and mycoses among immuno-compromised subjects in Nigeria based on published articles. We reviewed a total of 23 studies published between 2009 and 2021 comprising retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies and case reports. The overall prevalence of anaemia in this study was between 16.2%-75.5% while mycoses prevalence was between 8.7-73.6% among immuno-compromised subjects in reviewed Nigerian populations. This study revealed that the prevalence of anaemia in South-South, South-East and Abuja (North Central Nigeria) were between 47.4%-73.5%, 44.6%-75.5% and 16.2% respectively among immuno-compromised HIV/AIDS and/or TB co-infections. The prevalence of mycoses in South-South, South-East, Western Nigeria and Northern Nigeria were between 25.3%-36%, 22.4%-52.5%, 8.7-33% and 12.7%-73.6% respectively among immuno-compromised subjects. This study confirm that anaemia and mycoses are common among immuno-compromised subjects in Nigeria; with pulmonary mycoses and low CD4 being important risk factors.
Keywords: Prevalence, immunocompromised subject, anaemia, mycoses, opportunistic infections