Prevalence, Sensitivity Profile and Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria in Wounds to Conventional Antibiotics
Mercy Alabi *
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Michael Bayode
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Ikeoluwa Aina
Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Jeremiah Adesanya
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Oluwaseun Areo
Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: The prevalence, sensitivity profile and resistance of Gram-positive bacteria in wounds to commercial antibiotics were ascertained in this study.
Place and duration of study: University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Nigeria, between January and June 2019.
Methodology: Wound swabs sample collection, isolation of bacteria, identification of Gram-positive bacteria isolates and antibiotics sensitivity testing of isolated bacteria were determined employing standard protocols.
Result: Three Gram-positive bacteria were isolated and presumptively identified to be S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. S. aureus had the highest prevalence of 53% followed by S. epidermidis with 42% and S. pyogenes accounting for the least occurrence of 5%. Ninety percent (90%) of ten S. aureus strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin while only 10% had intermediate activity. The least resistance of S. aureus strains was against pefloxacin (40%), while to streptomycin, 87.5% of eight S. epidermidis strains were resistant and 12.5% had intermediate sensitivity. Susceptibility was observed in S. epidermidis against pefloxacin (12.5%) while 50% had intermediate sensitivity and 37.5% were resistant. The highest zone of inhibition of S. epidermidis was observed in strain 7 against pefloxacin (16.00±1.00 mm) and in S. aureus by strain 5 against pefloxacin (16.50±2.50 mm).
Conclusion: Pefloxacin-sensitive Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species from wound swabs could become resistant overtime and this calls for incessant vigilance on Gram-positive wound bacteria antibiotic-susceptibility appraisal particularly in an antibiotics-abuse setting.
Keywords: Antibiotic, antibiotics sensitivity, Gram-positive bacteria, wound swab, prevalence